نكته هاي گرامري زبان انگليسي

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can - could / had to /have to – has to
Can
اين فعل کمکي توانايي در زمان حال را بيان مي کند و بعد از اين فعل کمکي از شکل ساده فعل استفاده مي شود و فعلي که بعد از can قرار مي گيرد نبايد ing – ed – es – s داشته باشد.
1- Can john ……. Here by lunch time

a) got b) get c) gets d) getting
2- The children ………. Read this book now. They don’t read it before.

a) could b) has to c) can d) had to
اگر توجه داشته باشيم قيد زمان ما now است بنابراين گزينه c درست است و دليل ديگر اينکه children جمع است و با گزينه has to قرار نمي گيرد.
3- The student can ……..the question very easily.

a) answers b) to answer c) answered d) answer *

4- We ……..talk about that later.

a) could b) can* c) had to d) has to
در اينجا بعد از can شکل ساده فعل را داريم و has to چون براي مفرد است، به کار نمي رود چون we جمع مي باشد.
could
١- توانايي کار در زمان گذشته را بيان مي کند. ٢- بعد از آن شکل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد. ٣- could گذشته canمي باشد.

1- I can swim well. But I ……..swim very well before.

a)cannot b) shouldn’t c) couldn’t * d) mustn’t
تنها گزينه اي که به گذشته اشاره دارد couldn’t است و گزينه c درست است.
2- All the students could ……..the questions easily yesterday.

a) answers b) answer * c) to answer d) answering
چون بعد از could فعل بصورت ساده قرار مي گيرد.
3- Could you …….. English 4 years ago.

a) wrote b) to write c) writing d) write *
Could فعل کمکي زمان گذشته است و ago هم زمان گذشته را نشان مي دهد و بعد از could بايد فعل به صورت ساده بيايد.
4- He couldn’t ……..how jet engines work.

a) explains b) explain * c) to explain d) explaining
چون could زمان گذشته است و بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بيان مي شود.
have to – has to
١- اجبار در زمان حال را بيان مي کند. ٢- بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بيان مي شود
1- I have to ……… an appointment with the dentist.

a) makes b) make * c) to make d) making
بعد از has to و have to فعل بايد به شکل ساده بيايد.
2- Does she ……… speak French in her job?

a) has to b) had to c) have to * d) can
ابتدا ذکر مي کنيم گزينه a درست است اما بايد دقت کنيم که وقتي که has to و have to با فعل کمکي سؤال مي شود، فعلهاي کمکي اين دو فعل do،does هستند و يادمان باشد وقتي has to با فعل کمکي does سئوالي شود، فعل تبديل به have to مي شود.
3- She has to ……… her lesson carefully.

a) study * b) studied c) to study d) studying
4- Does john ……..help his mother at home?

a) have to * b) has to c) had to d) can
چون جمله با فعل does سؤالي شده has to تبديل مي شود.
had to مجبور بودن
١- had to اجبار در زمان گذشته را بيان مي کند. ٢- گذشته have to و has to، had to مي باشد. ٣- بعد از had to بايد شکل ساده فعل قرار بگيرد.
1- They didn’t know the address. They ……… ask a policeman. a) have to b) can c) had to * d) can
چون اتفاق در زمان گذشته است از فعل کمکي had to استفاده مي کنيم.
2- Reza was late for class. He ……..see the teacher.

a) has to b) can c) should d) had to *
چون was گذشته است بنابراين had to صحيح مي باشد.
3- The old man was sick. He had to ……….The doctor.

a) saw b) see * c) sees d) seen
چون was گذشته است و در جلسه had to داريم بنابراين بايد شکل ساده فعل قرار بگيرد.
4- I had to ……… for her three hours yesterday.

a) wait * b) waiting c) waited d) waits